光学表面监测系统与CBCT确定左侧乳腺癌深吸气屏气放疗误差的比较

目的 建立本单位应用光学表面监测系统(OSMS)门控技术在左侧乳腺癌深吸气屏气(DIBH)放疗的基本流程,比较应用OSMS与CBCT确定左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗摆位误差的一致性。方法 20例左侧乳腺癌患者采用DIBH方法治疗,OSMS与模拟定位DIBH体表外轮廓配准,CBCT扫描与模拟定位CT配准各记录得到误差数据,数据包括左右(x)、上下(y)、前后(z)方向平移误差和旋转误差Rx、Ry、Rz。采用Pearson法分析两者相关性,Bland-Altman法检验两者一致性。结果 两种方法呈正相关,x、y、z方向平移误差以及Rx、Ry、Rz方向旋转误差的相关系数分别为0.84、0.74、0.84、0.65、0.41、0.54(P<0.01),95%CI值分别为-0.37~0.42 cm、-0.39~0.41 cm、-0.29~0.49cm和-2.9°~1.4°、-2.6°~1.4°、-2.4°~2.5°,均<5mm和3°。20例左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗患者系统误差<0.18cm,随机误差<0.24cm。结论 左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗中应用OSMS与CBCT两种方式确定与模拟定位状态误差具有一致性,CBCT图像引导基础上使用无辐射的OSMS验证位置信息是安全可靠的。     

白及多糖超声提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化白及多糖的超声提取工艺，比较不同产地白及多糖含量差异，考察白及多糖稳定性和抗氧化活性。方法：以多糖得率为考察指标，料液比、超声温度、超声时间为考察因素设计L9（34）正交试验优化白及多糖超声波提取工艺；以苯酚-硫酸法测定白及多糖含量，考察陕西汉中、云南普洱、湖南洪江及四川绵阳白及多糖含量产地差异；以化学方法考察白及多糖稳定性，并比较白及多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基（DPPH·）和羟基自由基（·OH）的清除率以评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果：最佳超声提取工艺条件为：料液比1:25（g/mL）、超声温度80 ℃、超声时间10 min；四川绵阳白及多糖含量最高，达到60.81%，湖南洪江次之，云南普洱最低；白及多糖在柠檬酸及中性溶液中的稳定性较好，在苯甲酸钠、过酸性或过碱性溶液中的稳定性较差；白及多糖能有效地清除DPPH和羟基自由基，具有潜在的体外抗氧化活性。结论：白及多糖超声波提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究，可为白及多糖提取及综合利用提供借鉴。     

Optimal parameter selection problem with application to the synchronization of delivery cycles in a supply chain with Wiener process

In this paper, we use optimal parameter selection technique to develop two models involving single‐vendor–multiple‐buyer supply chain, which are called the dynamic independent optimization (DIO) model and the dynamic synchronized cycles (DSC) model, respectively. These models are, respectively, similar to the traditional static independent policy model and the traditional static synchronized cycle model, except that the deterministic demands of the buyers in the above two static models are now being replaced by the stochastic demands satisfying a Wiener process, which have more real‐life applications. Similar to the above static synchronized cycles model, the synchronization of the supply chain in our DSC model is also achieved by scheduling the delivery days of the buyers and coordinating them with the vendor's production cycle. Finding the optimal expected system costs of the DIO model and the DSC model involves solving optimal parameter selection problems governed by ordinary differential equations, whose final times are continuous decision variables and discrete decision variables, respectively. Computational methods have been developed for solving these problems. Numerical results show that the coordinated policy is better than the independent optimization policy, in terms of minimizing the expected system cost of the entire supply chain. Sensitivity analysis is performed to test the effect of changing the cost coefficients and the value on the performances of these models, where is the ratio of the total mean demand rate of all the buyers over the vendor's production rate.     

Same-Day Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Feasibility with Resin Microspheres

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of a same-day yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization protocol with resin microspheres (including pretreatment angiography, lung shunt fraction [LSF] determination, and radioembolization) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases.

星点设计-效应面法优化丁香苦苷聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纳米粒的制备工艺

目的优化丁香苦苷聚乳酸(Syr)-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]纳米粒(Syr-NPs)的处方。方法采用纳米沉淀法制备Syr-NPs,以包封率、载药量、平均粒径以及总评"归一值"为评价指标,采用星点设计-效应面法考察PLGA质量浓度(A)、丁香苦苷质量浓度(B)、水相与有机相比例(C)3因素考察对包封率、载药量、平均粒径以及总评归一值的影响,以星点设计-效应面法选取最佳处方条件进行预测分析。结果最优处方工艺为PLGA质量浓度为9.63 mg/mL,Syr质量浓度为12.88 mg/mL,有机相与水相的比例为1∶9.46,制得的Syr-NPs的包封率、载药量、平均粒径分别为(27.86±0.87)%、(7.02±0.15)%、(110.0±1.20)nm。结论该方法稳定可行,可用于优化包载Syr的PLGA纳米粒处方与制备工艺。     

不同表面处理对LAVA树脂纳米瓷剪切强度的影响

目的 研究不同处理方式对树脂纳米瓷(LAVA Ultimate)与树脂水门汀粘接后剪切强度的影响。方法 本次实验分为喷砂实验和粘接实验两部分。将LAVA Ultimate切削成大小约 6 mm×6 mm,高度约为2 mm的样本80片,依照不同的喷砂时间和喷砂气压随机分为4组,每组10个试件,使用3M Single Bond Universal+3M RelyX Ultimate与纳米树脂柱粘接后在万能试验机上测试断裂载荷,计算剪切强度,选出最高组。同等喷砂条件下40个样本随机分为A(Single Bond Universal(3M)+RelyX Ultimate(3M)) ,B (Porcelain Primer(Bisco)+ All-bond Universal(Bisco)+RelyX Ultimate(3M))与纳米树脂柱进行粘接。粘接后再分成两个亚组,分别进行冷热循环5 000次和恒温水浴24 h。在万能试验机上测试断裂载荷,计算剪切强度,采用单因素方差分析对数据进行统计分析。结果 单因素方差分析结果表明不同喷砂条件的分组对剪切强度差异有统计学意义(第2组和第4组)(P=0.037);冷热循环后,A组和B组试件的剪切强度均有明显下降(P=0.003,P<0.01);A、B组不同粘接方式的剪切强度差异无统计学意义(P=0.062,P=0.671)。结论 0.2 MPa压力下喷砂14 s可明显提高树脂纳米瓷与树脂水门汀的剪切强度;冷热循环会明显降低剪切强度;粘接方式对剪切强度无明显影响。     

Dimensional study of prostate cancer using stereological tools

This study analyzes the dimensional changes of the glands from prostate cancer by applying stereology to estimate the variations in volume, length, surface, and cellular densities of tumor acini. Normal and tumor acini were visualized using immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin18. On immunostained sections, parameters related to the dimensions and cell population of prostate acini were measured. The immunohistochemical expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen was also measured to correlate the quantitative changes estimated with the proliferative activity of the epithelium. The average cell volume in normal and tumor epithelium was estimated using the method of the nucleator. The relative size of the acini was similar in the carcinoma compared with the normal prostate. Within the acini, the fraction of acinar volume occupied by the epithelium was significantly higher in cancer than in the nontumor prostate. Conversely, the glandular lumen of the cancer acini is lower than in the normal acini. The significant increase of acinar length density in the carcinoma indicates that the glandular tree's growth in the carcinoma is higher and with more branches than in the case of nonneoplastic glands. The basal surface density is higher in the carcinoma than in the controls. The number of epithelial cells per unit length of acini was significantly decreased in the neoplastic glands. This "dilution" of the cell population along the cancer acinus can be explained by the significant increase in the tumor cell's mean cell volume.